Skeletal system Essay Example for Free

Skeletal system Essay 1. The general trend for bone density as a person ages is a steady decline as years pass. This study shows that every decade, males and females bone density slowly decreases. 2. Between the ages of 20-50 females lose about 11% of their bone density and males lose about 13% of their bone density. Males do in fact lose more density then females but they lose it at a more stable and steady rate. Females lose less density at more unstable rate going from about 6% (40-50) to about 9% (60-70). Males lose about 13-15% bone density between the ages of 50-80. 3. The female sex, show a greater change in bone density as age increases. The greatest decrease occurs at 40-70 years in a female’s life. 4. Yes, this directly correlates with the diminishment of a the female bone. Before the age of 50, women lose about 4% bone density, after the age of 50 (hormone is not produced) the loss of bone density increases by about 5% making the lose about 9% of its density. Task 2: 1. Bone growth in length occurs at the ends of the bones, in the cartilage plates. 2. Bone growth in diameter occurs on the outer surface of the bone. 3. During teen-age years, the osteoblasts divide more rapidly, resulting in a growth spurt. 4. By age 20, about 98% of our skeleton growth will be completed. However the hormones will also cause the growth centers at the ends of your bones to degenerate. 5. When growth stops, bone- forming cells are involved mainly in repair and maintenance of the bone.

Homelessness in Canada Viewed Through a Sociological and Economic Lens

Introduction Researchers from the Parliament of Canada have proven that there are â€Å"as many as 300,000 homeless in Canada† . Homelessness is a major social issue which is present in society throughout most of the world; when it comes to Canada it is no exception. The homeless are known as people who do not have a home or a stable place of residence, they are seen as individuals who sleep in â€Å"shelters, public places, vehicles, abandoned building or someone else’s home† . In the past few years homelessness in Canada has become a growing social issue. Researchers say that there are approximately one hundred million homeless individuals who live in public areas, which means they are that one hundred million out one billion homeless individuals who are not appropriately sheltered . Most homeless individuals are part of minority groups such as immigrants, aboriginals, youth, women and families. However, a number of the homeless are simply part of different cultural communi ties or they may just be mentally ill. There are three types of homeless individuals such as, chronically homeless, cyclically homeless and temporarily homeless . Chronically homeless are individuals who are faced with mental illnesses or substance abuse, cyclically homeless are individuals who had a situation change in their life for the worst and lastly temporarily homeless are individuals who become homeless but not for long .There are many questions and concerns about the homeless population since the causes and consequences are negatively impacted. Historical overview Homelessness in Canada is seen as major social issue. In the 1980’s the homeless population started to increase . The increase of homelessness was lead by a variety of situations such as â€Å"crimin... ...melessness,† http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/prb991-e.htm, (accessed April 2, 2012). Stephen W. Hwang, et al. "Drug problems among homeless individuals in Toronto, Canada: prevalence, drugs of choice, and relation to health status." BMC Public Health 10, (January 2010): 94-100, EBSCO Academic Search Premier (accessed February 22, 2012). A. Thomas McLellan, et al, "Individual characteristics of the literally homeless, marginally housed, and impoverished in a US substance abuse treatment-seeking sample." Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 43, no. 10 (October 2008): 839-840, EBSCO Academic Search Premier (accessed April 4, 2012). Gerhard Buchkremer, â€Å"Prevalence of mental illness among homeless men in the community,† Original Paper Journal 40 (October 2004): 385, EBSCO Academic Search Premier (accessed February 29, 2012).

Marketing Research- Starbucks vs. Coffee Beans Essay

Market segmentation is defined as the process of dividing a market into distinct subsets of consumers with common needs or characteristics and selecting one or more segments to target with a distinct marketing mix (Schiffman, Bednall, Cowley, O’Cass, Watson and Kanuk, 2001). Different companies have different abilities that enable them to serve their target market better, which is why some companies choose to focus much of their attention to specific segments. Starbucks primarily chooses to focus on the demographics, psychographics and lifestyle of their customers. It is with the information gathered regarding these segments that Starbucks can better serve its customers. Demographics are things such as age, sex, marital status, education, occupation and income. Starbucks targets both males and females, mainly 18-30 year olds, but really does cater for everybody’s needs. And because young children don’t usually drink coffee, Starbucks offers a range of non-coffee beverages to cater for the whole family. Hanging out in Starbucks gives the impression of being very with it and most of the people you see sitting in the stores exude a certain coolness and give off the image of having some sort of social status, with lots of money to spare. Starbucks customers are mainly in their final years of high school, in university or just starting to work. But whatever it is, they all have had a good education, and if they do have a job, it almost certainly includes a big income as well. Demographics help to locate a target market and this information is often the most accessible and cost effective way to identify a target market (Schiffman et al, 2001). Even though factors such as personality and behaviour are often first used to define a market segment, the consumer’s demographic characteristics must be known in order to assess the size of the target market and to reach it efficiently (Schiffman et al, 2001). Psychographics are based on the consumer’s activities, interests and opinions, so it’s basically how they spend their time, what their preferences and priorities are and how they feel about events and issues. Psychographic research is closely related to psychological research, and  especially when it comes to personality and attitude measurement. This form of applied consumer research has proved to be a valuable marketing tool that helps identify consumer segments that are likely to be responsive to specific marketing messages (Schiffman et al, 2001). Starbucks is very heavily involved in charity and the arts, and is making significant efforts to be a socially and environmentally responsible company. For example, Starbucks actively participates in AIDS benefits, and for every city that has a store, Starbucks sets up at least one shelter for the underprivileged children and donates money as well. By participating in various different positive causes and events, Starbucks gains a lot of favourable exposure. Starbucks has sponsored the Special Olympics, the hip Lilith Fair music festival, the Chicago Jazz Festival, the International Film Festival in Washington DC and the Museum of Contemporary Art in LA. Just by looking at these examples, we can see that Starbucks aims to target and reach people who are generous and charitable, as well as people who like to have fun and enjoy the creative and entertaining side of life. Starbucks also has a strong commitment to the environment and the company’s policy to recycle and conserve wherever possible is exemplified by the 10% discount it provides to customers who reduce waste by using their own mugs or refillable coffee bags. Starbucks offers these discounts to help stimulate environmental responsibility amongst its customers. As Starbucks grows and reaches new markets, the company has made a commitment to continue to be a strong supporter of non-profit organisations and events in all communities. Consumer research has found evidence that within each of the social classes there is a constellation of specific lifestyle factors (shared beliefs, attitudes, activities and behaviours) that tend to distinguish the members of each class from the members of each class from the members of all other social classes (Schiffman et al, 2001). Starbucks sells a lifestyle, to both customers and employees, and has followed the successful examples of other big corporations such as Coke, Nike and Sony by linking its brand with all things â€Å"cool† and â€Å"in†. Starbucks has created a style and ambience that has infused a certain new  chic and appeal into coffee, an age-old beverage, making it the hippest drink of today. Starbucks chooses to associate itself with all things bustling, active and vigourous. That is why locations of all the stores are carefully selected for convenience and Starbucks specifically targets places that are heavy with pedestrian street traffic. Some of the places that you would find a Starbucks, either in the form of a large store or a just a small kiosk (both ideal for just popping in for a quick take away coffee or for a nice light lunch break) would be at shopping centres, airport terminals and supermarket foyers, which are all places that are always hectic and filled to the brim with people who have busy lifestyles and are always on the go. Starbucks competes directly against specialty coffees sold at retail through supermarkets, specialty retails, and a growing number of other specialty coffee stores. In addition, Starbucks competes for whole bean coffee sales with franchise operators and independent specialty coffee stores. In virtually every major metropolitan area were Starbucks operates and expects to expand there are local or regional competitors with substantial market presence in the specialty coffee business. But Starbucks’ biggest competitor in the coffee industry is the Coffee Bean. Coffee Bean was started by Herbert B. Hyman in 1963 in California and became the pioneers in retailing whole bean coffee and loose tea leaves. Coffee Bean are the oldest importers, roasters and multi retailers of specialty coffee and tea in the United States. Like Starbucks, Coffee Bean offers a diverse range of original coffee, ice blends and roast styles as well as four varieties of daily brews including flavoured pre-ground coffee. Another similarity with Starbucks is that Coffee Bean also has a large offering of food and beverages that appeal to all age groups from all walks of life. In terms of needs, motivation and personality, Coffee Bean is all about building meaningful and respectful relationships with customers by finding or concocting a flavour for them. Coffee Bean will also toast your bagels, heat your pastries and personalise and custom make the drink or blend just  the way you would like it. With perception, Coffee Bean is a big believer in teamwork (just like Starbucks) as they feel that success is achieved by working together. Coffee Bean staff are friendly, and maintain amicable relationships between customers and each other. The employees have respect for each other’s values, opinions and individual personalities and are honest and truthful to themselves and each other. Another similarity with Starbucks is that Coffee Bean is actively involved with helping communities and make it their mission to develop the most complete community based programs around. As well as donating gift baskets, gift certificates, coupons, coffees and teas, Coffee Bean will gladly consider a donation to any organisation for various charitable events that directly benefit local community programs and local schools. Due to the phenomenal growth of the international coffee market, Coffee Bean has decided to solely concentrate on international franchises at the moment. Unlike Starbucks, who have a target mass market being the United States, most of the Coffee Bean outlets are in Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Taiwan etc.) and the Middle East (Israel, United Arab Emirates, Dubai etc.) Unlike Coffee Bean, Starbucks does not personalise their coffees or have different products to suit different countries’ tastes. Coffee Bean offers more food meals (pastas, soups,) and not only light meals (sandwiches, pastries, desserts) like Starbucks. Starbucks allows other distributors to sell its coffee, but Coffee Bean does not and Starbucks is affiliated with things such as the Herald Sun Newspaper and Hear Music. And the main advantage that Starbucks has over Coffee Bean is it’s effective use of celebrity appeal, which is a form of reference group

Ethical Leadership An Effective Leader - 800 Words

To be an effective leader one is apt in charting the path which leads to designated goal. An effective leader is able to get followers to their common destination. But not every effective leader is an ethical leader. Hartman et al. (2014) indicates that one key difference between an ethical is the means used to motivate others and achieve goals. Another element of ethical leadership, as indicated by Hartman et al. (2004) the end or objective toward which the leader leads. I believe these are key because the leader’s means to achieve the ends (objective) are far too often cause of their ultimate fall from glory. Akker, Heres, Lasthuizen (2009) state that ethical leadership is a relational concept in the sense that it is constructed in and through social interactions with followers. I will discuss this point in more detail Hartman et al. (2014) define an ethical leader as one who succeeds in a manner that respects subordinates and/or empowers them to become creative and successful in themselves. The text poses the following two questions (1) Is profitability and efficiency accomplished through ethical means alone enough to make a business leader an ethical leader? (2) Imagine a business leader who empowers her or his subordinates, respects their autonomy by consulting and listening, but who leads a business that publishes child pornography or pollutes the environment or sells weapons to radical organizations. Would the method of leading, alone, determine the ethicalShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Ethical Leadership1104 Words   |  5 Pages The Benefits of Ethical Leadership Eugenie Francis Monroe College Abstract Ethics begins with the individual, so it would be fair to say that ethical leadership is defined differently by each person in accordance with his or her values. 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